Lifestyle behaviors and associated factors among individuals with diabetes in Brazil: a latent class analysis approach.

The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to identify patterns of modifiable lifestyle behaviors and examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and distinct lifestyle behaviors. The data were gathered from the National Health Survey 2019, a study that included adults with diabetes. Four domains of lifestyle behaviors were used to define these behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. The association between patterns of lifestyle behaviors and variables of interest was assessed using multinomial regression analysis. The three lifestyle patterns identified were: Class 1, referred to as "unhealthy diet," comprised 17.0% of the sample and was characterized by unhealthy eating habits; Class 2 (less active and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake) represented 71.2% of the sample; Class 3 referred to as "low risk" (11.8%) is characterized by a lower probability of engaging in most risky behaviors. A person over 45 years of age with little or no education and no health care coverage was less likely to be a member of Class 1. Male individuals who do not attend a doctor regularly exhibited more chances of belonging to Class 2. Mixed-race individuals aged 45 years or more with a low level of education have a lower chance of belonging to this class.

Lifestyle behaviors and associated factors among individuals with diabetes in Brazil: a latent class analysis approach / Comportamentos de estilo de vida e fatores associados entre indivíduos portadores de diabetes no Brasil: uma abordagem com análise de classes latentes

Abstract The purpose of the cross-sectional study was to identify patterns of modifiable lifestyle behaviors and examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics and distinct lifestyle behaviors. The data were gathered from the National Health Survey 2019, a study that included adults with diabetes. Four domains of lifestyle behaviors were used to define these behaviors: smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, and diet. The association between patterns of lifestyle behaviors and variables of interest was assessed using multinomial regression analysis. The three lifestyle patterns identified were: Class 1, referred to as "unhealthy diet," comprised 17.0% of the sample and was characterized by unhealthy eating habits; Class 2 (less active and insufficient fruit and vegetable intake) represented 71.2% of the sample; Class 3 referred to as "low risk" (11.8%) is characterized by a lower probability of engaging in most risky behaviors. A person over 45 years of age with little or no education and no health care coverage was less likely to be a member of Class 1. Male individuals who do not attend a doctor regularly exhibited more chances of belonging to Class 2. Mixed-race individuals aged 45 years or more with a low level of education have a lower chance of belonging to this class.

Resumo Neste estudo de caráter transversal objetivou-se identificar os padrões de comportamento de estilo de vida e sua associação com características sociodemográficas. Utilizou-se como base de dados a Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019, com adultos (≥ 18 anos) diabéticos. Os padrões de saúde foram definidos pela Análise de Classes Latentes em quatro domínios: tabagismo, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, atividade física e alimentação. Foi aplicada análise de regressão multinominal para identificar a associação entre os padrões de comportamento e as variáveis sociodemográficas de interesse. Identificou-se três padrões de comportamento: a Classe 1 corresponde a 17% da amostra e compreende indivíduos com maior probabilidade de comportamentos de risco ligados à alimentação; a Classe 2 (baixos nível de atividade física e consumo de frutas e hortaliças) compreende 71,2% da amostra; e a Classe 3 (11,8% da população) reúne os indivíduos com menor chance de desenvolver comportamentos de risco. Indivíduos com 45 anos ou mais, com baixa escolaridade e sem plano de saúde têm menos chances de pertencer à Classe 1. Homens, que não fazem visitas regulares ao médico têm maiores chances de pertencer à Classe 2, bem como aqueles com 45 anos ou mais, com baixa escolaridade.

Revisão sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying escolar / Revisión sobre características de niños y niñas que practican acoso escolar / Review on characteristics of boys and girls who are bully school

Bullying at school affects the health and development of children and adolescents. This study aimed to describe evidence about the characteristics of boys and girls identified as bullies in bullying situations. This is a review with publications from 2015 to 2020, operationalized in SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO. Data were independently extracted by two reviewers and submitted to methodological quality assessment. The corpus was composed of 27 primary studies. It was found that boys do more bullying and are more engaged in physical aggression. Girls engage more in verbal or psychological type violence. Social/cultural issues are factors consistently associated with such differences. Regarding the consequences of the aggression perpetrated, bullies, regardless of gender, may also have mental health problems. This study gathers quantitative evidence on characteristics of boys and girls who engage in bullying at school. Differences/similarities should be considered in anti-bullying intervention programs.

El acoso afecta a la salud y el desarrollo de niños y adolescentes. Este estudio tenía como objetivo describir las características de los chicos y chicas identificados como agresores. Se trata de una revisión desarrollada entre 2015-2020 en las bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science y PsycINFO. Dos revisores extrajeron los datos y los sometieron a una evaluación de la calidad metodológica. La revisión incluyó 27 estudios primarios. Se descubrió que los chicos practican más el acoso y se dedican más a la agresión física. Las chicas ejercen más violencia de tipo verbal o psicológico. Las cuestiones sociales/culturales son factores que se asocian sistemáticamente a estas diferencias. En cuanto a las consecuencias de la agresión perpetrada, los agresores, independientemente del sexo, también pueden presentar problemas de salud mental. Este estudio reúne pruebas cuantitativas sobre las características de los chicos y chicas agresores. Los datos deben tenerse en cuenta en los programas de intervención.

O bullying escolar afeta a saúde e desenvolvimento de crianças e adolescentes. Este estudo objetivou descrever evidências sobre as características de meninos e meninas identificados como agressores(as) em situações de bullying. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura que abarcou publicações entre 2015 e 2020, operacionalizada nas bases SciELO, Scopus, Web of Science e PsycINFO. Os dados foram extraídos de forma independente por dois revisores e submetidos à avaliação de qualidade metodológica. O corpus foi composto por 27 estudos primários. Verificou-se que meninos praticam mais bullying e estão mais engajados em agressões físicas. Meninas envolvem-se mais em violência do tipo verbal ou psicológica. Questões sociais/culturais são fatores consistentemente associados a tais diferenças. Sobre as consequências das agressões praticadas, agressores, independentemente do sexo, também podem apresentar problemas de saúde mental. Este estudo reúne evidências quantitativas sobre características de meninos e meninas que praticam bullying na escola. Diferenças/semelhanças devem ser consideradas em programas de intervenção antibullying.

Profile of Brazilian Undergraduates Who Use Electronic Cigarettes: a Cross-Sectional Study on Forbidden Use.

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) persists in Brazil, despite restrictions on sales, imports, and advertising. This study aimed to identify the prevalence of e-cigarette use and user profiles among university students. This cross-sectional study used a convenience sample of 3083 university students (female = 2253, male = 830; M=26.1; SD =8.43) who completed an online survey. We employed logistic regression models and network analysis to determine the profile of e-cigarette users. The prevalence of e-cigarette use in the past year was 12.2% (n =377). Men, single individuals, Caucasians, secular individuals, and non-heterosexual individuals were more likely to engage in e-cigarette use. Intense use of alcohol, tobacco products, and illicit drugs increased the likelihood of e-cigarette use. Brazilian college students continue to use electronic cigarettes despite the prohibition. The pattern of alcohol abuse and tobacco product use among e-cigarette users is concerning. These risky behaviors render young and highly educated individuals targets for public policies to control and regulate electronic cigarettes in the country.

A scoping review of the association between loot boxes, esports, skin betting, and token wagering with gambling and video gaming behaviors.

Background and aims: Many new digital gambling-like activities such as loot boxes, esports betting, skin betting, and token wagering have recently emerged and grown in popularity. This scoping review aimed to: (a) synthesize the existing empirical research literature on gambling-like activities and their associations with gambling and video gaming behaviors, including problem gambling and video gaming; (b) identify sociodemographic, psychological, and motivational factors associated with engagement in gambling-like activities; and (c) identify research gaps and areas for further research. Methods: A systematic search of Ovid, Embsco, and ProQuest databases and Google Scholar was conducted in May 2021 and last updated in February 2022. The search yielded a total of 2,437 articles. Articles were included in the review if they were empirical studies that contained quantitative or qualitative results regarding the relationship between gambling-like activities and gambling or gaming. Results: Thirty-eight articles met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Overall, the review results suggest that all forms of gambling-like activities were positively associated with gambling and gaming with small to medium effects. Gambling-like activity participation was also positively associated with mental distress and impulsivity. Gaps identified included a lack of inquiry into skin betting and token wagering, a lack of diversity in the research methods (i.e., mainly cross-sectional surveys), and a paucity of research that includes more ethnically, culturally, and geographically diverse populations. Discussion: Longitudinal studies with more representative samples are needed to examine the causal link between gambling-like activities and gambling and video gaming.

Psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Inventory - Short Form (SPAI-SF) in Brazilian adolescents.

The Smartphone Addiction Inventory - Short Form (SPAI-SF) is shorter version (10 items) of the original version of SPAI (26 items). In this study, we aimed to: (i) adapt and test the internal structure of the SPAI-SF, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA), and network analysis; (ii) analyze the internal consistency, temporal stability, criterion, predictive and construct validities of the SPAI-SF. A total of 392 adolescents (M = 12.76; SD = 1.00) completed the following measures: demographic questionnaire, SPAI-SF, Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV), and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT). The CFA showed good fit indices with the original four factors, and MGCFA indicated measurement invariance for gender. Network analysis provided an understanding of the core symptoms of problematic smartphone use (PSU) for both boys and girls. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.865 (95% CI: 0.841 - 0.887) and indicated a robust temporal stability. The instrument demonstrated acceptable overall reliability measured by Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's Omega criteria (α = 0.722; ω = 0.725) and did not show floor and ceiling effects. The scale's significant correlations demonstrated convergent and criterion validities of the SPAI-SF with SAS-SV, IAT, and Smartphone usage data. The SPAI-SF is a reliable instrument to detect PSU in adolescents.

Substance Use Disorder Among Bereaved Individuals: A Systematic Review / Transtorno por Uso de Substâncias entre Pessoas em Luto: Uma Revisão Sistemática / Trastorno por Uso de Sustancias entre Personas en Duelo: Una Revisión Sistemática

Abstract Substance use disorder (SUD) is related to several psychosocial factors, such as grief. This study aimed to find an association of SUD among bereaved individuals based on a systematic review. The research was registered in the PROSPERO platform and the following databases were used: MEDLINE, PsycNET, LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and SciELO. The Rayyan software tool was used and this study was performed under the guidelines of the PRISMA protocol. In total, 17 articles were eligible, of which more than 88% showed an association between SUD and the grieving process and almost 60% associated grief and drug use with depression and anxiety. Alcohol was the most used substance. These findings may contribute to future studies on grief and substance use and underlie the elaboration of preventive actions for drug use.

Resumo O Transtorno por Uso de Substâncias (TUS) relaciona-se a vários fatores psicossociais; como o luto. Este trabalho teve por objetivo identificar uma associação do TUS entre pessoas em processo de luto, a partir de uma revisão sistemática. A pesquisa foi registrada na plataforma PROSPERO e foram utilizadas as seguintes bases de dados: MEDLINE, PSYCNET, LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL e SciELO. Foi utilizado o software Rayyan e as etapas do protocolo PRISMA foram seguidas. Foram elegíveis 17 artigos, dos quais mais de 88% apresentaram uma associação entre o TUS e o processo de luto, e quase 60% associaram o luto e o consumo de drogas à depressão e à ansiedade. A substância mais consumida foi o álcool. Estes achados podem contribuir para futuras pesquisas na área de luto e uso de substâncias, bem como subsidiar a formulação de ações preventivas ao uso de drogas.

Resumen El Trastorno por Uso de Sustancias (TUS) está relacionado con varios factores psicosociales, como el duelo. A partir de una revisión sistemática, este trabajo se propuso identificar una asociación del TUS en personas en proceso de duelo. La investigación se registró en la plataforma PROSPERO, y se utilizaron las siguientes bases de datos: MEDLINE, PSYCNET, LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL y SciELO. Se utilizó el software Rayyan, y se siguieron los pasos del protocolo PRISMA. Diecisiete artículos fueron elegibles, de los cuales más del 88% mostraron una asociación entre el TUS y el proceso de duelo, y casi el 60% asociaron el duelo y el consumo de drogas con la depresión y la ansiedad. La sustancia más consumida fue el alcohol. Estos resultados pueden contribuir a futuras investigaciones sobre el duelo y el consumo de sustancias, además de subvencionar la formulación de acciones preventivas para el consumo de drogas.

Uso excessivo de internet e smartphone e problemas emocionais em estudantes de psicologia e psicólogos / Excessive Internet and smartphone use and emotional problems in students of psychology and psychologists

Objetivo Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a prevalência de dependência de internet, seus principais preditores e a associação com problemas emocionais em estudantes de psicologia (n = 1.916) e psicólogos (n = 4.359). Método Os indivíduos preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico e outros instrumentos específicos. Observou-se que 9,3% dos estudantes e 4,0% dos psicólogos foram detectados com uso excessivo de internet. Resultados Todos os participantes com uso excessivo de internet apresentaram uma frequência significativamente maior de sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, e estes problemas foram preditores para a dependência de internet somente entre os psicólogos. Conclusão Compreender o padrão de dependência de internet pode ajudar no desenvolvimento de políticas públicas específicas para esses indivíduos.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Internet Addiction, its main predictors, and associations with psychological problems in psychology students (n = 1,916) and psychologists (n = 4,359). Method Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire and measures of interest. It was observed that 9.3% of the students and 4.0% of the psychologists screened positive for internet addiction. Results All participants with internet addiction presented a significantly higher frequency of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, however, these problems were predictors for internet addiction only among the professionals. Conclusion Understanding the pattern of internet addiction can help to support the development of specific public policies for these individuals.

The Effect of Psychosocial Interventions for Reducing Co-occurring Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety in Individuals with Problematic Internet Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of psychosocial interventions in reducing problematic Internet use (PIU), anxiety, and depression symptoms in a sample of people. This review was registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42020181912) and a total of 15 studies were included. Analyses of the effect of the interventions were conducted based on the standardized mean difference of the studied outcomes (PIU, anxiety, and depression). Most studies reported a positive effect of psychosocial interventions on reducing symptoms of PIU, depression, and anxiety among people with PIU. However, only one detected a robust effect in reducing symptoms of anxiety. For depression, this effect was more modest, and there was no difference between the different modalities of psychosocial interventions. The results suggest that psychosocial interventions are effective in reducing both symptoms of PIU and co-occurring symptoms of depression and anxiety in individuals with PIU. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11469-022-00846-6.

Transtornos mentais comuns em estudantes universitários: uma revisão sistemática da literatura / Common mental disorders in university students: a systematic literature review / Trastornos mentales comunes en estudiantes universitarios: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) caracterizam-se por sintomas que causam sofrimento. Esta revisão sistemática teve por objetivo descrever e analisar artigos sobre prevalência de TMC entre universitários brasileiros. A busca foi realizada no Portal da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde com os descritores "Acadêmicos" OR "Universitários" AND "Transtornos Mentais Comuns". Dentre os 229 artigos elegíveis, foram incluídos 18. A prevalência de TMC detectada variou de 19% a 55,3%, e em 11 estudos foi maior que 40%; frequência superior às identificadas em estudos internacionais com universitários, nacionais com população geral e outras amostras. Sugere-se medidas de atenção em saúde mental para este público.

Common Mental Disorders (CMD) are characterized by symptoms that cause suffering. This systematic review aimed to describe and analyze articles on the prevalence of CMD among Brazilian university students. The search was carried out on the Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde Portal using the keywords "Academic" OR "University Students" AND "Common Mental Disorders". Among the 229 eligible articles, 18 were included. The prevalence of CMD detected ranged from 19% to 55.3%, and in 11 studies it was greater than 40%; higher than when compared to international studies with university students, nationals with general population and other samples. Mental health care interventions are suggested for this public.

Los Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) se caracterizan por síntomas que causan sufrimiento. Esta revisión sistemática tuvo como objetivo describir y analizar artículos sobre la prevalencia de Trastornos Mentales Comunes (TMC) entre estudiantes universitarios brasileños. La búsqueda se realizó en el Portal de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud con los descriptores "Académicos" OR " Universitarios" AND "Trastornos Mentales Comunes". Entre los 229 artículos elegibles, se incluyeron 18. La prevalencia de TMC detectada osciló entre el 19% y el 55,3%, y en 11 estudios fue superior al 40%. Dicha frecuencia es más alta que las identificadas en estudios internacionales con universitarios, nacionales con población general y otras muestras. Se sugieren medidas de atención en salud mental para este público.

The Self-perception of Text message Dependence Scale (STDS): A Brazilian-Portuguese validation and expansion of its psychometric properties.

Text messaging is the primary form of technology-mediated interpersonal contact and the most carried out activity on cell phones. Despite its advantages, text messaging is not exempt from risks. The present paper aimed to validate and expand the psychometric properties of the Self-perception of Text-message Dependency Scale (STDS) in a Brazilian sample of adult internet users. In this cross-sectional study, we recruited a convenience sample of Brazilian internet users aged 18 and over. A total of 1,642 (M age = 38.6, SD = 13.5; 73% female) participants completed the STDS, the Mobile Phone Problem Usage Scale-27 (MPPUS), and the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire - Short form - 9 questionnaires (PIUQ-SF-9). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis showed measurement invariance for gender and age. Internal consistency was high when accessed by both McDonalds' Omega and Cronbach's alpha. Network Analysis provided insights into the core symptoms of problematic text messaging. Convergent validity of the STDS was demonstrated by the subscale's correlation with MPPUS and PIUQ-SF-9. Due to its expanded psychometric properties and brevity, the STDS can be used in more comprehensive investigations about other excessive technology-related behaviors, such as problematic smartphone and internet use, allowing a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in problematic technology use. Supplementary Information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12144-022-02957-8.

Envolvimento paterno com filhos de 4 a 6 anos / Paternal involvement with children from 4 to 6 years old

Envolvimento paterno é entendido como a participação do pai no desenvolvimento e bem-estar do filho, sendo fator de proteção ao desenvolvimento saudável. Este estudo analisou o envolvimento de 90 pais, de 18 a 72 anos, com filhos de 4 a 6 anos de idade, em cinco pré-escolas de duas cidades de SP. Os pais responderam uma Ficha de Caracterização Sociodemográfica e o Questionário de Envolvimento Paterno (QEP), que avaliou cinco dimensões: Cuidados Diretos e Indiretos, Suporte Emocional, Evocações, Jogos Físicos e Abertura ao Mundo, e Disciplina. Os resultados demonstraram baixo envolvimento paterno com os filhos, com valores menores em Cuidados Diretos e Indiretos, envolvendo os cuidados essenciais à sobrevivência como alimentar, vestir, dar banho, e cuidar das atividades de casa em geral. Observou-se maiores médias em Suporte Emocional e Evocações. Esta primeira aplicação da versão brasileira do QEP contribui para a área de avaliação do envolvimento paterno no país.

Paternal involvement is conceptualized as the father´s participation in the development and well-being of the child, and it is a protective factor for healthy development. This study analyzed the involvement of 90 fathers (18-72 years old) of children aged 4-6 years old from five preschools in São Paulo, Brazil. The fathers answered a Characterization Form and the Brazilian version of the Questionnaire d'Engagement Paternel (QEP), assessing five dimensions: Direct and Indirect Care, Emotional Support, Evocations, Physical Games and Openness to the World, and Discipline. The results showed low paternal involvement with children, with the lowest average scores in Direct and Indirect Care, which refers to providing essential care for survival, such as feeding, dressing, bathing, and house activities. Higher averages were observed in the dimensions Emotional Support and Evocations. This first application of the Brazilian version of QEP contributes to knowledge about paternal involvement in Brazil.

Problematic Internet use, emotional problems and quality of life among adolescents / Uso problemático de Internet, problemas emocionais e qualidade de vida entre adolescentes / Uso problemático de Internet, problemas emocionales y calidad de vida entre adolescentes

This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of Problematic Internet Use (PIU) among adolescents (N = 466) and its possible association with emotional problems and quality of life. Students (Mage = 12.8 years; SD = 1.9) from five public schools in a city in the State of São Paulo participated in this study and completed four instruments: a sociodemographic questionnaire; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). No significant differences were detected about the frequency and intensity of symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to those who did not have problems with the use of the Internet. No differences were observed between the groups in respect of quality of life either. However, those individuals who felt that their internet use impaired their daily activities presented higher average IAT scores and higher levels of stress. These findings indicated that the perception of internet use was the main variable associated with emotional symptoms. (AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a prevalência de Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) entre adolescentes (N = 466) e sua possível associação com problemas emocionais e qualidade de vida. Estudantes (Midade = 12,8; DP = 1,9) de cinco escolas públicas de um município do Estado de São Paulo participaram deste estudo e preencheram quatro instrumentos: Questionário sociodemográfico; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS -21) e Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Não se encontrou relação significante entre a frequência e intensidade dos sintomas de depressão, ansiedade e estresse em comparação com aqueles que não possuem problemas com o uso da internet. Em relação à qualidade de vida, também não foram observadas diferenças entre os grupos. Entretanto, aqueles que possuíam uma percepção de uso de internet prejudicial a suas atividades cotidianas apresentaram maior pontuação média do instrumento IAT e maiores níveis de estresse. Esses achados indicam que a percepção do uso do uso de internet foi a principal variável associada com sintomas emocionais. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia del Uso Problemático de Internet (UPI) entre adolescentes (N = 466) y su posible asociación con problemas emocionales y calidad de vida. Los estudiantes (Midade = 12,8; DS = 1,9) de cinco escuelas públicas en una ciudad de la provincia de São Paulo participaron en este estudio y completaron cuatro instrumentos: un cuestionario sociodemográfico; Internet Addiction Test (IAT); Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) y Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). No se detectaron diferencias significativas sobre la frecuencia y la intensidad de los síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en comparación con aquellos que no tuvieron problemas con el uso de Internet. Tampoco se observaron diferencias entre los grupos con respecto a la calidad de vida. Sin embargo, aquellas personas que sintieron que su uso de Internet perjudicaba sus actividades diarias presentaron escores promedios más altos de IAT y niveles más altos de estrés. Estos hallazgos indicaron que la percepción del uso de Internet fue la principal variable asociada a los síntomas emocionales. (AU)

Factors associated with adherence to a web-based alcohol intervention among college students / Fatores associados à adesão a uma intervenção via web sobre o uso de álcool entre universitários

This study aimed to evaluate the association between student characteristics and recruitment strategies in the adherence of college students to a web-based alcohol intervention. Participants were 46,329 Brazilian students aged from 18 to 30, who consumed alcohol during the past three months. Three recruitment strategies were implemented: open invitations, and personally-addressed invitations with or without non-monetary incentives. We evaluated the educational, sociodemographic, motivational, and alcohol consumption effects on adherence using logistic regression models. Women (aOR = 1.09 [1.04; 1.14]), students with higher income (aOR = 1.32 [1.21; 1.45]), and more motivated students (aOR = 1.04 [1.03; 1.05]) were more adherent to the intervention, as well as those reporting binge drinking (aOR = 1.26 [1.19; 1.33]) and alcohol hazardous use (aOR = 1.11 [1.05; 1.18]). The use of incentives was the main factor associated with adherence (aOR = 3.69 [2.46; 5.55]). Our results may help the development of future web-based interventions related to alcohol use.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do perfil dos estudantes e das estratégias de recrutamento na adesão de universitários a uma intervenção via web sobre o uso de álcool. Participaram da pesquisa 46.329 estudantes brasileiros com idade entre 18 e 30 anos e relatando consumo de álcool nos últimos três meses. Utilizaram-se três estratégias de recrutamento: convite aberto e convite pessoalmente dirigido com e sem incentivo não monetário. Avaliouse o efeito de características educacionais, sociodemográficas, motivacionais e de uso de álcool sobre a adesão por meio de modelos de regressão logística. Mulheres (aOR = 1,09 [1,04; 1,14]), estudantes com maior renda (aOR = 1,32 [1,21; 1,45]) e mais motivados (aOR = 1,04 [1,03; 1,05]) foram mais aderentes, bem como universitários que relataram binge (aOR = 1,26 [1,19; 1,33]) e uso de risco (aOR = 1,11 [1,05; 1,18]). O emprego de incentivos foi o principal fator associado à adesão (aOR = 3,69 [2,46; 5,55]). Os resultados podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de futuras intervenções sobre o uso de álcool via internet.

Evaluation of FunFRIENDS program in prevention of anxiety in Brazilian children: a randomized controlled pilot trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the FunFRIENDS protocol on anxiety symptoms, internalizing problems and prosocial behavior in 4- to 5-year old children. Participated of this study 43 children with an allocation ratio of 1:1 between groups (Intervention Group [IG], N = 21; Control Group [CG], N = 22) from a public school in the city of Sao Paulo participated in the study. Behaviors were evaluated by using standardized questionnaires (PAS, CBCL, SDQ, SCBE) assessing the behavioral profile of the children at three different periods; baseline (T0), one month (T1) and three months (T2) after the intervention. It was observed a reduction in the intensity of anxiety symptoms in the IG after the intervention but with no significant effect. Overall, there were no significant differences between the IG and the CG in most behaviors on all periods evaluated. On both Intention-to-Treat analyses also it was not detected significant effects of the intervention. This is the first Brazilian study evaluating the effects of FunFRIENDS program and the implications of these findings are discussed and its significance for future research.

Evaluation of FunFRIENDS program in prevention of anxiety in Brazilian children: a randomized controlled pilot trial / Avaliação do programa FunFRIENDS na prevenção da ansiedade em crianças brasileiras: um estudo piloto randomizado controlado

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the FunFRIENDS protocol on anxiety symptoms, internalizing problems and prosocial behavior in 4- to 5-year old children. Participated of this study 43 children with an allocation ratio of 1:1 between groups (Intervention Group [IG], N = 21; Control Group [CG], N = 22) from a public school in the city of Sao Paulo participated in the study. Behaviors were evaluated by using standardized questionnaires (PAS, CBCL, SDQ, SCBE) assessing the behavioral profile of the children at three different periods; baseline (T0), one month (T1) and three months (T2) after the intervention. It was observed a reduction in the intensity of anxiety symptoms in the IG after the intervention but with no significant effect. Overall, there were no significant differences between the IG and the CG in most behaviors on all periods evaluated. On both Intention-to-Treat analyses also it was not detected significant effects of the intervention. This is the first Brazilian study evaluating the effects of FunFRIENDS program and the implications of these findings are discussed and its significance for future research.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do protocolo FunFRIENDS sobre sintomas de ansiedade, problemas de internalização e comportamento pró-social em crianças de 4 a 5 anos de idade. Participaram 43 crianças que foram alocadas na proporção de 1:1 entre os grupos: (Grupo Intervenção [GI], N = 21; Grupo Controle [GC], N = 22) de uma escola pública da cidade de São Paulo. Os comportamentos foram avaliados por meio de questionários padronizados (PAS, CBCL, SDQ, SCBE), que avaliaram o perfil comportamental das crianças em três momentos distintos; linha de base (T0), um mês (T1) e três meses (T2) após a intervenção. Observou-se uma redução na intensidade dos sintomas de ansiedade no GI após a intervenção, mas sem efeito significativo. De forma geral, não houve diferenças significativas entre o GI e o GC na maioria dos comportamentos em todos os períodos avaliados. Nas duas análises de Intenção-de-Tratar, também não foram detectados efeitos significantes da intervenção. Este é o primeiro estudo no Brasil avaliando os efeitos do programa FunFRIENDS e as implicações destes achados são discutidas para futuras pesquisas.

Adolescents' health in times of COVID-19: a scoping review. / A saúde do adolescente em tempos da COVID-19: scoping review.

COVID-19, the disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 (novel coronavirus), emerged in China in December 2019 and spread quickly throughout the world. In this scenario, the current study aimed to identify the impact or effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescents' health. This is a scoping literature review based on the following databases: Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SciELO, and PUBCOVID19. The study adopted the stages proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews, and the question orienting the procedures consisted of the acronym PCC (population; concept; context). Eleven articles were included in the review. Clinically, adolescents present the same COVID-19 symptoms as adults. The pandemic and the health measures taken to control transmission were found to be associated with mental health problems in adolescents. Specifically, adolescents have a negative experience with social distancing measures and closing of schools. These measures can also favor situations of violence or aggressive behaviors in the home environment. Healthcare services that treat the adolescent population had to reorient their practices, adopting a virtual model to replace face-to-face care, and even research projects involving adolescence had to be rethought. This scoping review addressed an emerging theme in relation to a population that has received little attention in studies on COVID-19. The results suggest that the pandemic can be considered a determinant that affects different dimensions of adolescents' lives.

Estresse e satisfação de pais com o atendimento em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal / Stress and satisfaction of parents with the neonatal intensive care unit

Introdução. O estresse dos pais devido à internação de um filho em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN) pode ter consequências físicas e emocionais importantes nos cuidadores. Objetivos. Analisar as relações entre o estresse dos pais e seus níveis de satisfação com o atendimento. Método. A amostra foi composta por 32 pais que tiveram seus filhos internados em UTIN. Os cuidadores preencheram um questionário sociodemográfico além dos instrumentos PSS: NICU e EMPATHIC-N. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados. Observou-se um estresse moderado a partir do instrumento PSS:NICU, especialmente nos domínios "Alteração no papel de pai/mãe" e "Número total de experiências" (p < 0,05). Também se detectou correlação positiva entre a idade dos pais e o nível geral de estresse (r = 0,34; p < 0,05). A satisfação dos pais apresentou níveis elevados em todos os domínios. Conclusão. Os dados indicaram que quanto maior a satisfação na avaliação das equipes, menor o estresse dos pais no ambiente da UTIN.

Introduction. Parents' stress due to the hospitalization of a child in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can have important physical and emotional consequences on caregivers. Goals. To analyze the relationship between parents' stress and their levels of satisfaction with care. Method. The sample consisted of 32 parents who had their children hospitalized in NICUs. Caregivers completed a sociodemographic questionnaire in addition to the PSS instruments: NICU and EMPATHIC-N. Data were analyzed from descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. Moderate stress was observed from the PSS: NICU instrument, especially in the areas "Change in the role of father and mother" and "Total number of experiences" (p < 0.05). A positive correlation was also found between the parents' age and the general level of stress (r = 0.34, p < 0.05). Parents' satisfaction was high in all areas. Conclusion. The data indicated that the higher the satisfaction in the evaluation of the teams, the lower the stress of the parents in the NICU environment.

O que sabemos sobre neurociências?: conceitos e equívocos entre o público geral e entre educadores / What do we know about neurosciences?: Concepts and misunderstandings between the general public and between educators

As descobertas sobre o funcionamento do cérebro, assim como suas aplicações nos processos de ensino-aprendizagem, têm sido alvo de interesse. Contudo, os resultados de pesquisas e os conceitos na área das neurociências muitas vezes são mal compreendidos ou distorcidos, perpetuando-se como falsas crenças, chamados 'neuromitos'. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o conhecimento do público geral e, especialmente, de uma subamostra de educadores brasileiros acerca de conceitos e crenças equivocadas sobre neurociências. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo em que participaram 2795 sujeitos, 1643 educadores (58,8%) e 1152 não educadores, que responderam a um questionário on-line sobre conceitos e equívocos em neurociências. Os resultados mostraram que tanto público geral como a subamostra de educadores, independentemente de terem feito algum curso sobre neurociências, possuem pouco conhecimento sobre o tema e apresentam crenças equivocadas em diversos conceitos. Os percentuais de erros/incertezas do público geral e da subamostra de educadores foram, respectivamente: 1) sono como momento de descanso para o cérebro (90% e 90,3%); 2) diferenças de dominância hemisférica como determinantes do desempenho em diferentes áreas (74,8% e 73,6%); 3) sentimentos vivenciados pelo coração (78,3% e 73%); 4) não maleabilidade das habilidades cognitivas (78,9% e 73,9%); e 5) uso de apenas 10% do cérebro (73,5% e 75,8%). Constata-se a necessidade de maior aproximação das neurociências com o público geral e, especialmente, com a educação e sugere-se que áreas como a Psicopedagogia e a neuropsicologia sejam facilitadoras deste processo. Ao lado disso, neurocientistas podem buscar estratégias mais eficazes de divulgação do conhecimento.

The discoveries about the functioning of the brain, as well as its applications in the teaching-learning processes, have been of interest. However, research results and concepts in the field of neuroscience are often misunderstood or distorted, perpetuating themselves as false beliefs, called 'neuromyths'. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of the Brazilian general public and, especially, of a subsample of educators about conceptions and misconceptions about neuroscience. This is an exploratory-descriptive study in which 2795 subjects participated, 1643 educators (58.8%) and 1152 non-educators, who answered an online questionnaire about concepts and misunderstandings in neurosciences. The results showed that both the general public and the subsample of educators, regardless of having taken a course in neuroscience, have little knowledge on the subject and have mistaken beliefs in several concepts. The percentage of errors/uncertainties in the general public and in the educators subsample were, respectively: 1) sleep as a resting moment for the brain (90% and 90.3%); 2) differences in hemispheric dominance as determinants of performance in different areas (74.8% and 73.6%); 3) feelings experienced by the heart (78.3% and 73%); 4) non-malleability of cognitive skills (78.9% and 73.9%); and 5) use of only 10% of the brain (73.5% and 75.8%). There is a need to bring neurosciences closer to the general public, and especially to education, and it is suggested that areas such as Psychopedagogy and neuropsychology could facilitate this process. In addition, neuroscientists may seek more effective strategies for disseminating knowledge.

Validation of smartphone addiction scale - Short version (SAS-SV) in Brazilian adolescents.

The objectives of this study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Smartphone Addiction Scale - Short Version (SAS-SV) as follows: (i) the factor structure of the SAS-SV using different statistical methods; (ii) the evidence of convergence; (iii) the temporal stability of the SAS-SV; and (iv) predictive SAS-SV validity. A total of 451 adolescents participated in this study (age M = 13.1; SD = 1.22) by completing a sociodemographic questionnaire (including items evaluating the perception of smartphone use), the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), and the SAS-SV. It was found that 53.2% demonstrated problematic smartphone use. The SAS-SV showed good reliability (α = 0.81; ω = 0.78), and all of its items were kept. The network analysis indicated that the items evaluating the withdrawal and preoccupation symptoms had the greatest influence on the network. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.846 and indicated good temporal stability of the SAS-SV 20-30 days after the first application. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated 33 points as the best cutoff for the SAS-SV (AUC = 0.739; sensitivity = 65.37%; specificity = 72.26). The instrument also showed a moderate correlation with the variables related to smartphone use (time spent on smartphones, number of messages sent and received, and number of times the smartphone is checked). These data indicate that the SAS-SV may be a reliable instrument for use with Brazilian adolescents.